Guidelines for Authors

The authors are requested to use this checklist to make sure that all the requirements are met as per the guidelines before submission to the journal. At the initial stage of submission, a single file can be submitted with figures, tables and captions inserted within the text wherever appropriate to aid the review process. A request for separate source files will be required for final publication.

Ethics in publishing:

The journal follows Publication Ethics (COPE) and subscribes to its principles on how to deal with acts of misconduct thereby committing to investigate such allegations in order to ensure the integrity of research.

The journal may use plagiarism detection software to screen the submissions. If plagiarism is identified, that crosses its standard of acceptance level, the COPE guidelines will be followed.

Declaration of competing interest:

All authors must disclose any financial and personal relationship with other persons, or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples include employment, honoraria, stock ownership, consultancies, patent applications/registration, paid expert testimony, and grants, or other funding. Authors are required to complete the declaration of competing interest statement in the manuscript. If there are no interests to declare, it should be mentioned accordingly in the manuscript.

The use and declaration of artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in scientific writing

In an event the author uses artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies during the writing process, authors should:

Only use such technologies for the purpose of improvement of readability and language, not to replace key research tasks such as interpreting data, or drawing scientific conclusions. The technology should be applied with human oversight and control, and carefully review and edit the results, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or be biased. Don’t list AI, or assisted technologies as an author, or co-author, or cite AI as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans. Disclose in the manuscript about the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process. Once the disclosure is made in the manuscript file, a statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

Submission declaration:

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis and proceedings), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere; that its publication is approved by all authors, and tacitly, or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright holder.

Changes to authorship:

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted, and only if approved by the journal Editor-in-Chief. To request such a change, the Editor-in-Chief must receive the following information from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in the author list, and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition, or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.

Only in exceptional circumstances, will the Editor-in-Chief consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor-in-Chief considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.

Disclosures:

If any potential conflicts of interest exist, please describe them under this heading at the end of the manuscript text before the References.

Copyright:

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a “Journal Publishing Agreement”. An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a “Journal Publishing Agreement” form.

Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents, or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution, and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article.

Role of funding source:

Authors are requested to identify who provided financial support for their research and/or preparation of the article, and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this.

Full online submission:

Our online submission system guides the authors stepwise through the process of entering their article details and uploading their files. We can accept text files in most standard word-processing formats but Microsoft Word is preferred. Upon finalizing the submission, the system converts the article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor’s decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.

Suggesting reviewers:

Please submit the names and institutional e-mail addresses of several potential reviewers.

Authors should not suggest reviewers who are colleagues, or who have co-authored, or collaborated with them during the last three years in the researching process. Editors do not invite reviewers who have potential competing interests with the authors. Further, in order to provide a broad and balanced assessment of the work, and ensure scientific rigor, please suggest diverse candidate reviewers who are located in different countries/regions from the author group.

Preparation:

Use of word processing software:

It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor’s options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts, etc. When preparing tables, if authors are using a table grid, use only one grid of each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not authors embed their figures in the text. To avoid unnecessary errors, authors are strongly advised to use the “spell-check” and “grammar-check” functions of their word processor.

Article structure:

Papers submitted to “Jagriti-An official Journal of Gandaki University”, to be acceptable, must normally be fewer than 12 printed pages in length; as a rule of thumb, a manuscript of 20 double-spaced typescript pages, plus a typical number of figures (8 or so), reduces to 12 printed pages. Papers that are longer than 25 double-spaced typescript pages will likely be returned to authors with a request that they be shortened before they are considered further. Shortening, almost always, is in the author’s best interest: readers read short papers.

Page numbering:

Please ensure that the manuscript is paginated, as this will help both editors and reviewers to process it promptly.

Categories of manuscripts:

Research article, Review papers, Communications, Case Studies

Manuscript preparation details

Title page:

Provide the following data on the title page (in the order given).

  • Title: Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations, formulae, and new trademarked product names where possible. The title should not be longer than 20 words.
  • Author(s) names and affiliations: Where the family name may be ambiguous (e.g., a double name), please indicate this clearly. Present the authors’ affiliation addresses (where the actual works was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author’s name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name, and if available, the e-mail address of each author.
  • Corresponding author: Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. Ensure that telephone and fax numbers (with country and area code) are provided in addition to the e-mail address and the complete postal address.
  • Present/permanent address: If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a “Present address” (or “Permanent address”) may be indicated as a footnote to that author’s name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

Abstract:

An abstract is required for all papers. The abstract should indicate the content of the paper, and should describe the main conclusions. An effective abstract is brief and normally less than 250 words. Abstracts must not exceed 300 words. The abstract should be structured into sections (Research article: Purpose, Methods, Results, and Conclusion; Review article: Background, Areas Covered, and Expert Opinion). References and statement notation should be avoided, but if essential, they must be cited in full, without reference to the reference list.

Keywords:

Immediately after the abstract, authors should list four to five keywords that appropriately represent the contents of their manuscripts. If possible, the words used in the “Keywords” should not be repeated to the words appeared in the title.

Abbreviations:

Define abbreviations and acronyms when they first appear in the article. Ensure consistency of abbreviations throughout the article.

Introduction:

Introduction should state research/knowledge gap, and few important reviews, the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Materials and methods:

This section should provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced. Methods already published should be indicated by a reference: only relevant modifications should be described. It should be written systematically and in detail as possible.

  • Studies involving animals or humans: When data from animal subjects are reported, institutional approval of the protocol is required and a statement should be included in the “Methods” section of the text that indicates compliance with the NIH Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals or other appropriate guidelines.

    For human subject data, a statement must be added to the “Methods” section indicating that an institutional review committee approved the study (with the date of approval) and that the subjects provided informed consent.

Results:

Results should be clear and concise, in a section separate from the Discussion.

  • Statistical methods: Careful statistical analysis must be performed and reported to support any statements regarding the existence of differences in study groups. Statistical support should underlie hypothesis testing. Error bars are required on all experimental and calculated data points. Please include a separate Statistical Methods section in the “Materials and Methods” section that includes an explanation regarding how the errors, differences and confidence levels were determined.

Discussion:

Discussion should explore the significance of the results of the work, do not repeat them. Discussion should be reported independently from Results. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature. Try to clarify specific and important results through discussion.

Conclusions:

The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone, or form a subsection at the end of the Discussion section.

Acknowledgements:

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references, and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance, or proof reading the article, etc.).

Authors’ contribution:

Authorship contribution is required to be provided by the corresponding author and it will be published in the article. The objective is to eliminate gifted authorship type practices and when a person will present his/her papers for promotion or appointment, the Selection Board can conclude the strength or expertise of the author.

Conflict of interest:

The authors should declare that there is no conflict of interest among the authors of the manuscript.

References:

All references to other papers, books, etc. must be given both in the text as well as at the end of the paper and of text referring. Please use APA format (7th Edition) for references in the manuscript.

Citation in text:

Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list, they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either “Unpublished results” or “Personal communication”. Citation of a reference as “in press” implies that the item has been accepted for publication.