Genetic Diversity and Population Structure Analysis of Nepalese Cattle Breeds Inferred from Microsatellite Markers

Abstract

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the genetic diversity and relationship among five Nepalese
indigenous and crossbreeds’ cattle using microsatellite markers.
Methods: Experiments were done using blood samples taken from different geographical locations and extraction of genomic DNA, PCR and GEL electrophoresis accomplished in the Center for Biotechnology lab AFU.
Amplified fragments were analyzed by gel documentation system and dara were analysed by GenAIEx 6.51software program.
Results: The study of nuclear DNA was accomplished in 119 cattle which exhibited highly genetic variability
across all the sample population. Mean allele number and observed heterozygosity for all loci were 18.00±0.67
and 0.04±0.01 respectively. Moreover, moderate genetic variability (4%) was reported among the sampled population. In spite of the sufficient genetic variability high inbreeding coefficient was observed within five different
cattle breeds. Nei’s genetic distance analysis, genetic distinctness was observed in Achhami as compared to other
cattle breeds. Findings also revealed a close relationship between indigenous Pahadi and Jersey and Holstein
crossbreds’ cattle which might be due to Artificial insemination program of government.
Conclusion: Findings showed that bovine DNA markers has moderate genetic variability and genetic differentiation in Nepalese cattle breeds. Based on the results concluded that Achhami breeds was distinct from other
breeds. However, results showed straightforward evidence of genetic diversity and relationships of Nepalese cattle that facilitate in executing effective breeding plan for the preservation and improvement of indigenous cattle
breeds of Nepal